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POINT TO PONDER:
"Change is inevitable Gram I/2 is o p t i o n a l "-U n UDY FACIALS?
1. Facial treatments can be very relaxing and offer many improvements to the of the skin.
2. Proper skin care can make oily skin look and aging skin look 3. Why do you think it is important for you to learn the basics of skin analysis? SKIN ANALYSIS AND CONSULTATION
a very important part of the facial treatment because it determines what type of the skin the client has, the condition of the skin, andwhat type of treatment the client's skin needs.
5. The opportunity to ask a client questions about his or her health and skin care history and to advise the client about appropriate home-care products and treatments occurs during the 6. Why is it a good idea to perform cleaning and disinfection procedures in front of clients, whenever appropriate? ' 208 C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials
7. Before beginning the analysis, what must the client fill out? a condition the client has or a treatment the client is undergoing that might cause a negative side effect during a facial treatment.
9. Last week, your client Susan just stopped taking the drug isotretinoin for cystic acne. Today, she wants an exfoliation treatment. You should: Tellhershedoesn o tneeda n exfoliation Explainthatsheneedst o waita tleast6 monthsfo rthisservice 10. List the main contraindications to receiving a skin treatment you should look for on a client's completed health screening form 11. Which of the fol owing services should not be performed on clients who are diabetic unless they have written approval from their physician? Check al that apply: M a k e u p application 12. You may perform a facial on a client who has a fever blister, as long as you avoid the lip area.
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13. If you know your client is prone to allergies, why do you need to check skin care products to see if they include food ingredients? 14. What additional information can you obtain when the client completes the health 15. Why should health screening forms be kept separately and secured? 16. Why should you remove your rings or bracelets before performing a facial on a DETERMINING SKIN TYPE
17. It is possible to alter a client's skin type if you use the right product.
18. Skin that does not have obvious pores would be considered term for this type of skin is 19. Clients with combination dry skin may have which of the following conditions? An orangepeeltextureto theskin A verysmoothskinsurface 210 C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials
20. Why is acne considered a skin type? .• 2 1 . What are the two typical causes of hyperpigmentation of the skin? 22. Acne is a disorder of the requires thorough and sometimes ongoing medical attention.
23. Generally, medical direction limits cosmetologists to the following measures in the treatment of acne: 24. Because acne skin contains infectious matter, you must wear protective gloves and use disposable materials.
SKIN CARE PRODUCTS
designed to clean the surface of the skin and to remove 26. List and describe the two types of cleansers.
27. Foaming cleansers contain surfactants, also known as the product to foam and rinse easily.
28. Toners, also known as rebalance the pH of the skin after cleansing and to help remove excesscleansers from the skin.
29. Toners may contain ingredients that help to: C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials 2 1 1
30. Fresheners and astringents are usually stronger products with higher content and are used to treat 31. How are toning products applied? 32. Some toners that contain alcohol may be sprayed on the face.
33. Cosmetologists are allowed to use products that remove dead surface cells from 34. Describe what exfoliants do.
35. What are exfoliants used for? 36. List the two basic types of exfollants.
37. Mechanical exfoliants work by physically bumping off b u i l d u p .
38. List some examples of mechanical exfoliants.
39. How do chemical exfoliants work? 40. Popular exfoliating chemicals are 41. Describe how these acids work.
42. Salon alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) exfoliants are often referred to as 212 C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials
43. How much AHA do they normally contain? 44. What are two precautions that must be taken before giving a client an AHA 45. Some clients should not receive mechanical exfoliation or harsh mechanical peeling. List the five conditions that would contraindicate using these services on another type of chemical exfoliant. They are known as 47. How does an enzyme peel work? 48. Name the substance from which each enzyme has been made.
c) Beef by-products: 49. What are the two basic types of keratolytic enzyme peels? 50. List the seven ways proper exfoliation may benefit a client's skin.
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51. Your client has particularly oily skin with many clogged pores. In this case it would be appropriate to use an exfoliant for a longer time period.
products that help increase the moisture content of the skin 53. Moisturizers are mixtures of also known as hydrators, which are oily or fatty ingredients that block moisture from leaving the skin.
54. What is an emollient? 55. Moisturizers that are most often in lotion form and contain smaller amounts of emollient are for 56. Moisturizers that are often in the form of a heavier cream and contain more emollients are for 57. What is the most important habit to benefit the skin? higher is considered to be a thorough sunscreen strength.
59. Sun protection factor measures how person may be out in the sun 60. Night treatment products are usually more p r o d u c t s designed to be used at night to treat concentrated products that generally contain higher amounts of ingredients that have an effect on the skin appearance.
62. Lubricants to make the skin slippery during massage are called 63. What is a new product trend that is currently being seen in massage? products that are applied to the skin for a short time but have more immediate effects.
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65. Match each type of mask with its intended use.
a) Used for dry skin; contain oils, emollients, and humectants; strong moisturizing effect b) Melted at a little more than body temperature before application; harden to candle-like consistency c) Contain special crystals of gypsum d) Used for oily and combination skin; generally oil-absorbing and have anexfoliating effect e) Used for sensitive or dehydrated skin f) Often seaweed-based g) Applied underneath alginate masks 66. A thin, open-meshed fabric of loosely woven cotton is 67. What is the purpose of gauze? sometimes used instead of gauze.
69. All facial treatments should begin with a 70. Why should the record card be kept at hand during the consultation? 71. What should the record card contain? C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials 2 1 5
72. During the consultation, it is important to perform a thorough p r i o r to cleansing.
73. Why should you always recommend beneficial services and products to clients? the manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, gently pinching, kneading, tapping, and other movements.
75. What is the purpose of massage? 76. Why do cosmetologists perform massage? 77. To master massage techniques, you must have a basic knowledge of and file and shape nails 78. Keep hands soft by using 79. The impact of a massage treatment depends on: 80. The direction of movement is always from the the muscle toward 81. Which portion of the muscle is the more movable attachment, meaning it is attached to another muscle or a movable bone or joint? 82. Which portion of the muscle is the fixed attachment, meaning it is attached to an immovable section of the skeleton? 216 C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials
83. What could result if the muscle is massaged in the wrong direction? 84. A cosmetologist should only massage which portions of a client's body? 85. List the basic massage manipulations.
86. A client who has which of the following conditions should not have a facial 87. It is important to talk normally with your clients during a massage to help them feel more comfortable and relaxed.
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88. Every muscle has a which is a point on the skin over the muscle where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of that muscle.
89. Identify the motor points on the illustration below: 90. Identify the motor points on the illustration below: 91. Relaxation is achieved through 92. The following benefits may be obtained by proper facial and scalp massage: 218 C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials
93. Once you have started a facial massage do not y o the client's face until you are done with the service.
94. What is an additional consideration required when massaging a male client's face? 95. Never use facial equipment without first receiving 96. Facial machines will help to: 97. A facial h e a t s and produces a stream of warm steam that can be focused on the client's face.
98. Steaming the skin helps to making it more accepting of moisturizers and other treatment products. It also helps to follicle accumulations such as comedones and clogged follicles.
99. When is steam usually administered? 100. What may also be used for a steam treatment if a steamer is not available? 101. A rotating electric appliance with interchangeable brushes that can be attached to a rotating head is a(n) C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials 2 1 9
102. Brushing is a form of is usually administered 103. What does brushing do? 104. Brushing should never be used on clients using 105. The skin suction and cold spray machine is used to and to jet-spray lotions and toners onto the skin.
106. Skin suction should only be used on 107. Spray can be used on almost any skin type.
ELECTROTHERAPY AND LIGHT THERAPY
108. Galvanic and high-frequency treatment are types of of electrical currents to treat the skin.
109. Electrotherapy should never be administered on: an applicator for directing the electric current from the machine to the client's skin.
111. m a c h i n e s have one electrode and have two—a positive electrode called an which has a red plug and cord, and a negative electrode called a which has a black plug 220 C h a p t e r 2 3 Facials
112. The process of softening and emulsifying hardened sebum stuck in the follicles the process that uses galvanic current to penetrate water- soluble products that contain ions into the skin.
114. It is critical to always apply the passive electrode on the client's body to avoid having the current flow through the client's heart.
115. A type of galvanic treatment that is a computerized device that has many applications in skin care is t is used to stimulate blood flow and help products 117. Electrodes for high-frequency machines are made of 118. How many electrodes do high-frequency machines require? 119. How can you prevent burns to a client during the use of galvanic current 120. High frequency can be applied: 121. Traditionally, have been used to heat the skin and increase 122. What is the newest type of light therapy'? 123. What does an LED treatment do'? 124. What is the cosmetic use of this newest form of light therapy'? C h a p te r 2 3 Facials 2 2 1
125. A client who has a(n) d i s o r d e r should not receive LED treatments.
126. A type of mechanical exfoliation that uses a closed vacuum to shoot crystals onto the skin, bumping off cell buildup that is then vacuumed by suction, isknown as 127. This treatment is used primarily to treat 128. Facial treatments fall into two categories: 129. Facial treatments help to: 130. Home care is probably the most important factor in a successful skin care program. What is the key word in that statement'? 131. Approximately how much time should you block out to explain proper home care to a client9 132. What does a skin care program consist of? 133. Aromatherapy is the therapeutic use of 134. Many essential oils are used for the aromatherapy benefits to enhance a 135. It is beyond the scope of practice for a cosmetologist to perform parto f aromatherapy.
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• • • • • • • • • • 136. Name three forms in which aromatherapy may be used in the salon.
137. A caution when using essential oils is that too much can be

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